Principles Essential To A Secure Information System – In the digital era, cyber security plays a major role in everyone’s life. From securing personal data to securing corporate data, knowing cybersecurity terms is essential for anyone who wants to enter the cybersecurity field.
In this article, we will explore the important cyber security terms you need to know. Some of the key terms covered are general cybersecurity terminologies, cyber threat actors and methods, emerging trends, and cybersecurity certifications. To gain a solid understanding of cybersecurity terminology, consider pursuing fundamental cybersecurity certifications such as the SC-100 certification.
Principles Essential To A Secure Information System
The term malware stands for malicious software and it includes harmful software programs designed to harm or gain unauthorized access to computer systems. Some of the common malware include worms, Trojans, viruses and ransomware.
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It refers to network security devices that help monitor and control network traffic. It acts as a defender between the trusted and untrusted external network, allowing data packets to be blocked based on predefined security rules.
This type of cyber attack method is used by the attackers and employs deceptive messages, e-mails or websites to make the individuals reveal sensitive data such as financial data or login credentials.
Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks flood the target system or network with traffic and thus the user cannot access these services. To carry out this type of attack, the attackers use the compromised network such as botnets.
Vulnerability refers to weaknesses in the system, application and data that are mainly exploited by hackers with the intention of compromising network security. To cancel this type of attack, we need to identify and patch the vulnerabilities that exist in the network.
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A bot represents an application or script specifically created to perform repetitive and automated functions. While some bots serve legitimate functions, such as chatbots designed to respond to frequently asked questions on websites, others are employed for malicious intent. These bots engage in activities such as distributing spam emails or orchestrating Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks.
With the increased use of bots, distinguishing between benign and harmful, or even bots from human users is becoming increasingly challenging. This growing complexity underscores the escalating threat bots pose to individuals and organizations.
A digital certificate, also referred to as an identity certificate or public key certificate, serves as a secure key to facilitate data exchange over the Internet. Think of it as a digital file securely embedded in a device or hardware component. Its primary function is to authenticate the device or server during the transmission of data. Essentially, this certificate ensures that the data sent and received between two devices or a device and a server will remain confidential and secure.
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Hackers refer to individuals or groups who have the advanced technical skills to gain unauthorized access to systems, networks or data for financial gain.
The cybercriminal refers to an individual who commits a cybercrime where they use the computer as the primary target or tool as both.
Insiders in an organization are individuals who either intentionally or unintentionally abuse their access privileges, posing a significant challenge when it comes to detecting and preventing security breaches.
This refers to a specific type of attack that manipulates human behavior to access sensitive information or infiltrate secure systems.
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Password cracking involves the process of guessing or cracking a password to gain unauthorized access to a system or account.
This is a form of malicious software (malware) that locks a victim’s files or data behind encryption and then demands a ransom payment in exchange for providing the decryption key.
Antivirus software helps detect, defend against, and destroy malware from computers and networks. The software will be involved in scanning malicious code and pattern to keep the system in secured mode.
Multi-Factor Authentication MFA brings an additional layer of security by keeping the user’s multiple identities and requiring multiple forms of identification to grant access. Some of the multi-factor authentication identities like passwords, tokens and biometrics.
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Patch management involves the process of updating systems and software on a regular basis to identify vulnerabilities. If the patching process is not carried out periodically, the system will be exposed to harmful attacks and cyber threats.
Network segmentation partitions the network into smaller and isolated segments to limit breaches and harden network security to defend against attacks exploited by intruders.
The incident response plan includes the aligned procedures for the detection, management and defense of security incidents. To minimize the damage that occurs during a cyber attack, a well-defined incident response plan is required.
A VPN is a secure connection between devices over the Internet. It effectively protects all data transmitted between these devices by encrypting it, ensuring confidentiality and security.
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Application security, often referred to as AppSec, involves the practice of integrating and testing security measures into web applications. Its purpose is to protect these applications from potential threats. Vulnerabilities, security misconfigurations and design flaws can be exploited, leading to issues such as malicious code injections, exposure of sensitive data, system compromise and other harmful consequences.
Cloud security is a relatively recent addition to the cybersecurity landscape. It revolves around the security of cloud computing environments, applications and data stored in the cloud. While cloud providers implement their own security measures, customers also have a shared responsibility to configure and use their cloud services securely.
Critical infrastructure security protects the essential infrastructure elements of a region or nation. This includes both physical and digital security, systems, and assets that contribute to physical security, economic stability, public health, and safety.
Examples include the electricity grid, hospitals, traffic management systems and water supply networks. Due to the digital nature of critical infrastructure, it is vulnerable to cyber attacks and requires robust protection.
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IoT security focuses on securing a wide range of Internet-connected devices that can communicate independently. This category includes devices such as baby monitors, printers, security cameras and motion sensors.
Many of these devices collect and store personal information, making them attractive targets for malicious actors looking to steal identities. Therefore, robust security measures are necessary to protect against unauthorized access and other potential threats.
Network security is the practice of defending computer networks and data against threats, both external and internal. This includes implementing identity and access controls, such as firewalls, virtual private networks (VPNs), and two-factor authentication (2FA). Network security usually consists of three main categories: physical, technical and administrative, all of which aim to ensure that only authorized persons have access to network components, data and the network infrastructure itself.
Each of these cybersecurity domains plays a crucial role in protecting digital assets and ensuring the integrity, confidentiality and availability of data and systems.
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Artificial intelligence and machine learning technologies are widely employed in the cybersecurity field to defend against various threats. It is possible through automated threat detection, improving anomaly detection and streamlining incident response.
In today’s networked world, various security requirements are evolving. This paves the way for the development of IoT devices. However, ensuring the security of IoT systems is a major concern.
With the increased demand for cloud computing, the achievement of data maintained in the cloud is of great importance. Adopting cloud security solutions helps address this type of challenge.
The compliance standard such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) refers to the regulations of the European Union, which mainly deal with data protection and protection. In order to handle users’ EU data, compliance is mandatory.
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The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) employs privacy standards to protect a patient’s sensitive health data in the healthcare industry.
ISO 27001 refers to the international standard used for information security management systems. Many organizations use it as a framework for establishing and maintaining robust security practices.
In the cybersecurity world, various cybersecurity threats and risks can evolve, and certifications play a big role in demonstrating your expertise and skills and improving your professional credibility. Here, we’ve explored three major cybersecurity certifications that are more valuable in the industry:
The Certified Information Systems Security Professional (CISSP) certification is considered one of the most recognized certifications in the cybersecurity industry. It is published by a globally recognized nonprofit organization (ISC)² to ensure information security.
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The Certified Ethical Hacker (CEH) certification released by the International Council of E-Commerce Consultants is primarily designed for professionals who want to improve their skills in understanding the tactics and techniques of hackers. By holding this certification, you can identify and address problems in systems and networks.
To clear this certification, you must have ethical hacking skills to secure the systems by finding the system’s weaknesses before attackers exploit them. The key topics covered in this certification include ethical hacking concepts, scanning, enumeration, hacking, malware threats, sniffing, social engineering, and so on.
CEH certification provides the right tools and knowledge to assess an organization’s security in a proactive manner.
The Certified Information Security Manager (CISM) certification is issued by a global association ISACA to govern information, risk management and cyber security. CISM is designed for professionals who are engaged in management and governance