Residential Security Best Practices – A secure network is critical to a company’s success. A network administrator must design a security policy that describes all the network resources within a company and the required level of security for those resources to protect the network.
Having a firewall security best practice guide for securing the network can help you explain your company’s security policy goals to security stakeholders, ensure compliance with industry laws, and improve your security posture overall.
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When setting up a firewall, the best practice is to block anything that is not used for a specific and permitted business function. This lowers your risk, gives you more control over your traffic, and limits cross-network communication.
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To get you started on your way to a stronger security posture, we’ve outlined 13 best practices for firewall rules configuration below.
Firewalls are crucial to implementing zero-trust security concepts. In a macro-segmented network, they monitor and manage incoming and outgoing access across network boundaries. This applies to both Layer 2 bridge firewall installations and Layer 3 routed firewall deployments. When a firewall is deployed, its network interfaces are associated with these networks or zones. The use of these zones can therefore simplify the firewall policy. A perimeter firewall, for example, includes an outer zone connected to the Internet, one or more internal interfaces connected to internal networks, and perhaps a DMZ network connection. The firewall policy can then be modified as needed to provide more fine-grained control.
Finally, a single firewall represents a single point of failure (SPOF). Deploying two or more in a High Availability (HA) cluster ensures continued security in case one fails. A hyperscale network security solution is preferable because it continuously uses the resources of each cluster member. This should also be addressed for networks that experience seasonal traffic surges.
The most explicit firewall rules should be placed at the top of the rule base. This is where traffic is initially matched. A rule base is a set of rules that governs what is and what is not allowed to pass through a firewall. In most rule bases, the first rule in the list performs the action first. This is done to ensure that the traffic allowed by the first rule is never subject to the rest of the restrictions.
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Since firewalls operate on a first-match basis, the above structure is critical to keeping suspicious traffic out rather than falsely allowing it through by not following the appropriate sequence.
Place an anyone-all-all drop rule at the end of each security zone context (for example, source zone to destination zone) coupled with a global policy to ensure that unwanted traffic does not flow past the security policy. This does not negate the need to set firewall rules; rather, it serves as a catch-all method for unclassified traffic.
Another recommended practice for firewall rules is to audit the audit logs on a regular basis to examine any changes or anomalies that might indicate that your firewall settings need to be revised. Logging tracks all network activity, which is useful for troubleshooting and diagnostics.
This log data will be a valuable source of information about which firewall rules are used the most, and which are not used at all. Both types of data are required for firewall optimization.
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Log data can also help detect “false positives,” or traffic that shouldn’t trigger security rules but still does. Changing your firewall rules could help you reduce false positives and improve end-user service.
If your network is particularly large or busy, you may require log analysis tools other than those offered by the firewall vendor to make sense of your log data. Artificial intelligence or machine learning capabilities are among the most advanced technologies, and they can help you notice vital details that you might otherwise overlook.
By default, all traffic is blocked, and only certain traffic on recognized services is specifically enabled. This method gives you strong traffic management and reduces the risk of a breach due to a service misconfiguration.
This is accomplished by having the last rule in an access control list deny all traffic. Depending on the platform, you can achieve this directly or implicitly.
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The main purpose of a firewall is to implement and monitor network segmentation access. Firewalls audit and manage north-south traffic through the perimeter of a network. In this use of macro segmentation, the zones are large groupings such as external, internal, DMZ and guest Wi-Fi. They can also be business groups on different internal networks, such as finance, human resources, and data centers.
Firewalls installed in virtualized private or public clouds constantly analyze changing traffic between individual servers or applications. In this case of microsegmentation, the zones of web applications or databases are specified. The role of the virtual server is configured by a tag and used dynamically in a firewall policy without human interaction, so the probability of configuration errors is reduced by human intervention.
In both macro and micro deployments, firewalls limit access by configuring a firewall policy rule that defines access depending on the source and destination of the traffic. The service and port of the application can also be specified. For example, ports 80 and 443 are default web traffic ports. On a web server, only these ports should be accessible, while all others should be blocked. In this case, whitelisting the allowed traffic is feasible.
Because it is practically difficult to determine which ports are required for Internet access, an enterprise’s egress traffic to the Internet is more troublesome for a whitelisting security strategy. A more typical method for an egress security policy is blacklisting, in which known malicious traffic is prohibited and all other traffic is allowed through an “accept all” firewall policy rule.
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In addition to IP and port restrictions, other security features can be enabled on the next-generation firewall (NGFW) to identify known malicious websites. Among them are URL filtering and application control.
Access to your firewall’s administration console should be limited to only those you trust. Make sure your firewall is guarded by at least one of the following configuration measures to keep out potential attackers:
You should be as detailed as possible when defining network access restrictions. The idea of least privilege is used in this method, which requires network traffic regulation. In the rules, include as many parameters as possible.
In the rule that defines the network access, enter as many parameters as possible. There are only a few circumstances in which one of these fields is used.
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Any source IP address is the best option if the service is available to everyone on the Internet. In all other circumstances, the source address should be given. If defining source IP addresses for network management is impractical, you can consider a compensatory control such as remote access VPN to provide the access needed while protecting your network.
The target IP address is the IP address of the server hosting the service to which you want to authorize access. Specifies which server(s) are available at any given time. Using one as the destination value may result in a security breach or server compromise from an underused protocol that is available by default. If the firewall has only one IP address, destination IPs with a destination value of any can be used. If you want both public and private network access in your configuration, you can use the value all.
Tests should be performed on a separate network from the production network. This test network should try to duplicate the production network as closely as possible, including network topology and network traffic through the firewall. The following are some of the aspects of the answer to consider:
Test your firewall policy regularly to ensure that it catches unused and duplicate items as intended. It may be difficult to imagine how a larger security policy can handle a new link with a larger security policy. Path analysis tools are available, and rules search and search tools may be available in the security management system.
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In addition, some security management systems issue a warning when a duplicate item is created or refuse to install a policy with a rule that hides another object.
Top hit rules can be moved further in the inspection sequence to optimize firewall policies that are generally implemented in a top-down manner. To improve the performance of your firewall, check the policy regularly.
Finally, perform frequent penetration tests to detect threats that require the implementation of extra security measures.
Patches and firmware for the firewall device should be kept up to date at all times. If it is not, it will be exposed to attacks, rendering the firewall rules worthless. If your firewall contains a known vulnerability that hasn’t been fixed, the best set of firewall rules in the world won’t stop an attack.
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Many processes have become faster and easier due to technological advances. Firewall administrators may not always be able to check and install updates regularly. As a result, security breaches are a possibility on the network.
You can automate the process instead to avoid delays in firewall updates. In the
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